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湛若水墓

发布日期:2009-5-31 9:00:06 来源:增城旅游网 作者:本站


    湛若水墓 位于新塘镇陂头村天蚕山东麓,据《增城县志·名胜志·塚墓》(民国十年版)载:“赐葬南京礼部尚书、太子太保、谥文简湛若水墓在清湖都天蚕岭。罗洪先墓表、洪垣墓志铭俱见艺文志。”始葬于明嘉靖三十九年(1560年),现仍保存明代墓葬风格,是一座灰砂三合土版筑交椅墓,气势恢弘。墓依山坡而建,坐西朝东,由墓道、三级平台、享堂、坟头和护岭组成,总宽44米,深(墓道除外)36.3米,墓墙高2.2米,厚0.6米,占地面积1597.2平方米。

   第一级平台宽14米,深6.4米,正面及左右墓墙上均用望柱挟栏板围成一匝,成池座。第二级平台宽14米,深5.46米,颇宽敞。第三级平台宽9.77米,深5.47米,正中设拜台,版筑,宽5.15米,深2.55米,高1.13米。左右山手版筑墙上分别双钩篆文“山斗八座真儒千载”,“九十五年全归不朽”十六个大字,是称誉湛若水学术辉煌一生的赞铭,刻字与版筑同出。享堂用版筑墙绕成半圆筒形,宽7.28米,深5.43米,正中坟头用灰砂版筑成一座四柱三间庑殿顶双层仿古建筑碑楼,顶已残,高3.8米,下层宽4.05米,深3.22米,正间辟碑龛,宽0.76米,高1.46米。上层亦四柱三间,四面缩减,正间有篆文“谕葬”二字。碑楼的立面呈“凸”字形,形状独特。

    护岭用灰砂、山石砌筑,成半圆形绕于墓外,直径44米。墓前的墓道上距墓50米处原有一座石牌坊,现仅存残石柱和柱础。100米处有一对石雕文武官吏俑,左为文官,头已不存,残高1.56米,右为武官,高1.9米。150米处有一对石雕马俑,其中左石马高1.57米、长1.86米,右石马高1.62米、长1.93米。约600米处有一对石雕狗和一只石雕羊俑,其中一只石狗高1.2米,另一只高1.05米,长均为1.23米。石羊高0.96米,长1.25米。这些石雕俑均用一整块玄武岩(鸭屎石)石打凿而成,雕工精致细腻,形像生动逼真,栩栩如生。

       湛若水墓在全省的明墓中属于规模大、板筑精工的典型。仿古双层庑殿顶碑楼在全省明墓中实属罕见。墓道较长,上有石牌坊,石雕文武官俑、马俑、狗俑和羊俑,更显气派。该墓保存完整。1984年被增城县人民政府公布为文物保护单位;1999年被广州市人民政府公布为文物保护单位;2002年又被广东省人民政府公布为文物保护单位。可惜在1989年遭盗掘破坏,破棺弃骨,墓碑被砸(现白石碑是1991年重立),破案后,仅追缴回18个彩绘小陶俑。

   湛若水(1465~1560年),新塘湛氏七世祖,字元明,号甘泉。明代著名理学家。弘治十八年(1505年)进士,曾任翰林院编修等职,官至南京礼、吏、兵三部尚书。弘治七年(1494年)师事陈献章(白沙),成为陈白沙晚年得意第子和学术继承人。后与王守仁(阳明)同时讲学,二人交谊甚好,各立门户,一时学者称“王湛之学”。著有《湛甘泉集》32卷、《圣学格物通》100卷、《春秋正传》37卷、《礼经传训》68卷、《黄通志·翁泉大全》60卷、《增城县志》19卷、《四书训》19卷、《诗厘正》42卷等。此外,他还是个诗人和书法家,至今省内多处旅游景点都有他的墨迹。后人为纪念他一生致力著作和讲学的坚毅不拔精神,为他在新塘建了尚书府、在荔城建了三部尚书牌坊。

Cham is like Tomb

    Cham is like at the tomb of the new Town Village Super Warm Shandong Lu Yi, according to the "Record of Zengcheng spot-mound tomb" (in 10 years version) presents: "Nanjing Libuchangshu thanks to the funeral, Prince Edward Taibao, posthumous title, SR Cham is like Tomb Cecropin-all in the Lake Ridge. Hong Luo first tomb table, Hongyuan desired Yiwenzhi epitaph. "Mengjiajing buried before 1950 (1560), are still preserved Ming Dynasty Tombs style, is a version of sand-lime concrete building the top position in the tomb of great momentum. Built on the tomb of the slope, sitting West Chaodong, Mudao, three platforms, Xiangtang, Fentou and guarding Ridge, with a total width 44 m deep (except Mudao) 36.3 m, 2.2 m high wall tomb, and 0.6 m thick , covering 1597.2 square meters.

    First-class platform 14 meters wide, and 6.4 m deep, positive and the wall around the tomb are looking to embrace Lanban Wai-chu into a turn, as Chizuo. Second-class platform 14 meters wide, 5.46 meters deep, and quite spacious. Third-class platform width 9.77 m, 5.47 m deep, Baidoa-based center, built version, width 5.15 m, 2.55 m deep, 1.13 meters high. Yamanote version of the construction of the wall around the respective Shuanggouzhuanwen "Hill bucket 8 Joinet really dream," and "return all immortal 2006" 16 characters is brilliant academic reputation Cham is like life Tsan-ming, lettering and build the same version out. Xiangtang version of the construction of the wall around with a half cup, width 7.28 m, 5.43 m deep, with the median Fentou build a sand-lime version of a four-poster double three can do our best Dianding Antique construction Beilou, has been the top residues, and 3.8 meters high , the lower deck width 4.05 m, 3.22 m deep, is provided between the monument niches, width 0.76 m, 1.46 m high. Have four-poster top three, four reduced, there is Zhuanwen "encyclical burial". Beilou convey to the legislature "convex" shaped, and shapes.

     Guarding Ridge with gray sand, rocks masonry, in a semicircle around the tomb, 44 meters in diameter. Mudao on the tomb 50 metres from the tomb of an original stone arch, is the only remnant pillars and Zhuchu. 100 meters Department has one pair of stone figurines civilian and military officials, left for the civil service, the first not survive residual 1.56 meters high, and the right for the military attache, and 1.9 meters high. 150 meters Department has one pair of stone horse figurines, which left Shima 1.57 meters high, 1.86 meters long, right Shima 1.62 meters high, 1.93 meters long. There are about 600 meters from a stone carving of a dog and sheep figurines, a dog-1.2 meters high, and the other only 1.05 meters high, 1.23 meters long are. Danyang 0.96 meters high, 1.25 meters long. These stone figurines are in a block of basalt (duck feces stone) from stone at chisel, Diaogong delicate and vivid image realistic, lifelike.

     Cham is like in the Tomb of the Ming tombs in the province are large in scale, the typical plate build Seiko. Antique double Diandingbeilou can do our best in the province that it is rare in the tomb. Mudao longer on the stone arch, stone carvings, figurines, military attache, MA figurines, dog figurines and sheep guardians, more flair. The tomb intact. 1984 was Zengcheng County People's Government announced heritage conservation units in 1999 by the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government announced heritage conservation units in 2002 has been announced for the Guangdong Provincial People's Government units to be protected. Unfortunately, in 1989 by the pillagers damage, broken disposable coffin bone, the tombstone and smashed many of them (white stone is now re-legislate 1991), detection, recovered to only 18 small painted pottery figurine.

    Cham is like (1465 ~ 1560), Xintang Cham's seven King Sejo, the character that, Ganquan. Ming Dynasty famous Neo-Confucianism. Hongzhi 18 years (1505) Scholars, a former Hanlinyuan editing posts, Guanzhi Nanjing ceremony, officials and soldiers three Shang. Hongzhi 2007 (1494) division is Chen Xianzhang (Pak Sha), a proud Chen Baisha section of old age and academic heirs. After Wang Shouren (Yangming) lectures at the same time, two very good friendship, each gateway 1:00 academics, "Wang Zhan science." The "Cham Ganquan Set" 32 volumes, "Saint of Hewu-" 100 volumes, "The True Story of Spring and Autumn Annals" Vol 37, "Chuan training at the" 68 volumes, "Huang Tongzhi Wengquan Daquan" 60 volumes, "Zengcheng Record of "19 volumes," four of the lecture, "Vol 19," Shi Li Zheng "42 scrolls. In addition, he was a poet and calligrapher, the province has many tourist attractions have his ink. After artificially commemorate his life to writing and lecturing is not pulling the spirit of perseverance, he built Shangshu Xintang in the House, in the three Chengjian Li Shang arch.


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